The A1C test, also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a common blood test used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. It measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past 2 to 3 months. This period is reflected because the test measures the percentage of hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells) that is coated with glucose, called glycated hemoglobin. Key points about the A1C test:
- It shows how well blood sugar has been controlled over the previous few months.
- Higher A1C levels indicate poorer blood sugar management and a higher risk of diabetes-related health problems.
- It helps diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.
- It is used to monitor how well a diabetes treatment plan is working.
- An A1C result less than 5.7% is considered normal.
- A result between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates prediabetes.
- A result of 6.5% or higher suggests diabetes.
The test is done by drawing blood, either from a vein or a finger prick. No fasting is required before the test. For people with diabetes, the A1C test is usually done twice a year or more frequently if needed to monitor the disease and adjust treatments. Overall, the A1C test provides an important average measure of blood sugar levels, giving a more comprehensive picture than a single blood sugar reading taken at one point in time. This makes it a crucial tool in diabetes diagnosis and management.
