An absolute monarchy is a form of government in which a single person, usually a king or queen, holds absolute, autocratic power. In an absolute monarchy, the monarch rules in his or her own right or power, and is not limited in any way, though a limited constitution may exist in some countries. These monarchies are often hereditary, meaning that power is passed down through bloodlines, creating a dynasty. Absolute monarchies were popular in Europe from the medieval period through the 18th century, and rulers in an absolute monarchy had total control over the country. Most believed that they had the divine right to rule, meaning that God created the monarchy they ruled over and they alone were God’s representative on earth. Key features of an absolute monarchy include:
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Ultimate authority: The ultimate authority to run the state is in the hands of a king, dictator, or monarch.
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Complete control: The monarch has complete control over all aspects of society, including political power, economics, and all forms of authority.
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Hereditary rule: The monarch receives their position due to their birth and as one in a long family line of monarchs.
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Divine right of kings: The belief that the monarch has the divine right to rule, meaning that God created the monarchy they ruled over and they alone were God’s representative on earth.
Examples of absolute monarchies include Brunei, Eswatini, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City, and the individual emirates composing the United Arab Emirates, which itself is a federation of such monarchies.
