what is acid reflux

Acid reflux is a condition where stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus (the food pipe that connects your throat to your stomach). This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the entrance to the stomach, does not close properly or opens too often, allowing acid to move upward. This acid can irritate the lining of the esophagus and cause symptoms such as a burning sensation in the chest called heartburn. When acid reflux occurs frequently—more than twice a week—it is often diagnosed as acid reflux disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Causes and risk factors include having a hiatal hernia (where part of the stomach moves above the diaphragm), eating large meals or lying down soon after eating, obesity, pregnancy, smoking, certain foods and drinks (like citrus, tomato, chocolate, alcohol, coffee), and some medications. Symptoms of acid reflux can include heartburn, a sour taste in the mouth, regurgitation of stomach acid or food, cough, hoarseness, bad breath, and feeling bloated or nauseous. If untreated and chronic, it can lead to complications and damage to the esophagus. Lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery can manage or treat acid reflux and GERD. In summary, acid reflux is the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus causing discomfort and potential tissue damage when frequent or persistent. GERD is the chronic form of this condition.