Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found throughout the body, with the main sources being the liver and bones. It plays a crucial role in dephosphorylating compounds and is involved in various physiological processes. The enzyme is heat stable and has its maximum activity at high pH. In humans, it is integral to metabolism within the liver and development within the skeleton. Due to its widespread prevalence in these areas, its concentration in the bloodstream is used as a biomarker to help determine diagnoses such as hepatitis or osteomalacia.
An ALP test measures the amount of ALP in the blood and is commonly used to diagnose liver damage or bone disorders. Abnormal levels of ALP in the blood may indicate liver disease or certain bone disorders. However, an ALP test alone cannot identify the source of ALP in the blood, so other tests are usually needed to make a diagnosis. The test is often used to screen for or help diagnose diseases of the liver or bones and may also help diagnose or monitor other health conditions.
High levels of ALP may indicate liver disease or certain bone disorders, but an ALP test alone cannot diagnose a condition. Instead, healthcare providers may monitor the levels over time to ensure they do not worsen. Additionally, low levels of ALP can indicate a deficiency in zinc and magnesium or a rare genetic disease called hypophosphatasia (HPP), which affects bones and teeth.
