Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a key role in embryogenesis and the development of sex organs in the womb. AMH is produced by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles and is used as a marker of oocyte quantity. AMH levels are higher in male babies, as this prevents them from developing female reproductive organs. Female babies only need a small amount of AMH for their development.
AMH can also be used as a marker for ovarian dysfunction, such as in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) . AMH levels are used to estimate a womans remaining egg supply and can be a predictor for ovarian response in in vitro fertilization (IVF) . An AMH test measures the amount of AMH in a blood sample and can be used to check how many eggs a woman has left in her ovaries, which is called her "ovarian reserve". However, AMH levels alone are not a suitable predictor of IVF success, and they cannot predict fertility with or without treatments or when a woman will go through menopause.
In males, AMH is made by the testicles and can be used to diagnose the cause of ambiguous genitalia or intersex. AMH levels can also be monitored in women with certain ovarian cancers.
