An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery. It occurs when a weakened part of the artery wall allows the vessel to abnormally widen or balloon out. Aneurysms can develop in various locations in the body, but the most common types are:
- Aortic aneurysm: Occurs in the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the body.
- Cerebral aneurysm: Occurs in an artery of the brain.
- Popliteal artery aneurysm: Occurs in the artery behind the knee.
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): Forms where the aorta carries blood into the abdomen.
- Saccular aneurysm (berry aneurysm): The most common type of cerebral aneurysm, it looks like a round, blood-filled sac that protrudes from the main artery or one of its branches.
- Fusiform aneurysm: This type of aneurysm causes bulging on all sides of the artery.
The exact causes of aneurysms are not always known, but they can be attributed to factors such as genetics, aortic disease, or an injury. Other risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and tobacco use. Aneurysms can become medical emergencies, especially if they rupture, leading to life-threatening bleeding. If you or someone you know is experiencing aneurysm signs and symptoms, such as a sudden, severe headache, loss of consciousness, or a seizure, it is essential to call 911 or the local emergency number for immediate medical attention.
