Autoimmune diseases occur when the bodys immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs, leading to a wide range of symptoms and affecting various parts of the body. The immune system, which normally protects the body from harmful substances, such as viruses and bacteria, becomes overactive and is unable to distinguish between healthy cells and foreign invaders. This results in the immune system attacking and damaging the bodys own tissues. There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes, which can affect different organs and systems in the body.
Common symptoms of autoimmune diseases include fatigue, joint pain and swelling, skin problems, abdominal pain or digestive issues, recurring fever, and swollen glands. While the exact cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, researchers believe that an overactive immune system attacking the body after an infection or injury may be a contributing factor. Additionally, genetics, environmental factors, and certain triggers such as sun exposure, viruses, chemicals, and injury may play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases.
Treatment for autoimmune diseases typically focuses on reducing immune system activity to alleviate symptoms. This may involve the use of medications to suppress the immune response, as well as other treatments tailored to the specific disease and its symptoms. While there is no known prevention for most autoimmune disorders, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing environmental triggers may help reduce the risk of developing these conditions.
