An axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a unique species of salamander native to lakes and canals around Mexico City, particularly Lake Xochimilco. It is notable for its neoteny, meaning it reaches adulthood without undergoing metamorphosis and retains larval features such as external feathery gills and an aquatic lifestyle throughout its life
. Axolotls typically grow to about 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 inches), with 23 cm (9 inches) being common. They have wide heads, lidless eyes, underdeveloped limbs with long digits, and three pairs of external gill stalks used for underwater respiration
. Unlike most amphibians, they remain aquatic and gilled instead of transitioning to a terrestrial adult form
. They are carnivorous, feeding on worms, insects, crustaceans, and small fish, and play an important ecological role as both predator and prey in their native habitat
. Axolotls are critically endangered in the wild due to habitat loss, pollution, and introduced species, but they are widely bred in captivity for research and as pets
. A remarkable feature of axolotls is their ability to regenerate lost limbs and other body parts, which makes them a subject of scientific study
. They are sometimes called "Mexican walking fish," though they are amphibians, not fish
. In summary, the axolotl is an extraordinary amphibian known for its permanent larval state, aquatic gills, regenerative abilities, and critical conservation status.
