An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean, creating brackish water. These dynamic ecosystems are often found where rivers meet the sea.
Characteristics of Estuaries
Estuaries are characterized by the mixing of fresh and saltwater, a process influenced by factors such as wind, tidal range, the shape of the estuary, and the volume of freshwater inflow. Due to the differing densities, saltwater often sinks to the bottom while freshwater floats on top, though mixing occurs.
Examples and Importance
Common examples of estuaries include bays, lagoons, river mouths, fjords, and tidal creeks. They are among the most productive and delicate ecosystems globally, providing important habitats for various plant and animal species. Many major cities worldwide, such as New York, Tokyo, and London, are located near or at estuaries.
