Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an X-ray procedure that is used to view the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is often used to see if the fallopian tubes are partly or fully blocked, and to check if the inside of the uterus is a normal size and shape. Scarring or abnormalities in the uterus or fallopian tubes can lead to infertility and pregnancy problems. HSG is also used a few months after some tubal sterilization procedures to make sure that the fallopian tubes have been completely blocked.
HSG is done in a hospital, clinic, or the office of your ob-gyn. It is best to have HSG done in the first half of the menstrual cycle (days 1 to 14) to reduce the chance that you may be pregnant. During HSG, a contrast agent is placed in the uterus and fallopian tubes, which is a fluid that helps to highlight the structures on the X-ray. The procedure usually takes less than 5 minutes and you can go home the same day.
Here are some key points to know about HSG procedure:
- Purpose: To diagnose problems related to fertility, such as blocked fallopian tubes and an irregularly shaped uterus.
- When it is performed: After your period but before you ovulate, usually between days 1 and 14 of your menstrual cycle.
- Preparation: Your doctor might tell you to take an over-the-counter pain medication an hour before your HSG. They may also have you take an antibiotic. You’ll likely be able to drive yourself home after the procedure, but you might want a friend or loved one to pick you up in case you don’t feel well.
- Procedure: Your doctor will insert a speculum into your vagina, and then place a thin plastic tube inside your cervix that will lead to your uterus and fallopian tubes. A special dye will be injected through the plastic tube. The dye should fill your uterus and fallopian tubes and spill out of each fallopian tube. Next, X-rays will be taken, and your doctor can evaluate your uterus and fallopian tubes.
- Risks: HSG is relatively safe, but all procedures have risks. You may have problems if you have an allergic reaction to the dye in the fluid. Pelvic infection or injury to your uterus are also possible.
