what is astringent used for

An astringent is a liquid-based formula that is used to cleanse skin, tighten pores, and dry out oil. It is a product that shrinks tissues, reducing the appearance of pores, and can remove excess oil. Astringents are usually liquid-based formulas that contain isopropyl (rubbing alcohol), but natural astringents with alcohol from botanicals and even alcohol-free astringents are also available. They work best for oily, acne-prone skin, as they help remove excess oil and unclog pores. Astringents may include ingredients such as alcohol, witch hazel, citric acid, and salicylic acid. They affect keratin, a skin protein that contains salt bonds, which are broken by temperature changes, causing the skin to swell. Astringents have a cooling effect on the skin, thus reforming the salt bonds and tightening the skin. Astringents are used after cleansing but before moisturizing, and they are applied to the face using a cotton pad in a dabbing motion. While astringents are typically used for oily, acne-prone skin, toners can be used on more skin types, including sensitive, dry, and combination skin.