Atelectasis is a condition characterized by the complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or a specific area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or filled with alveolar fluid. Key points about atelectasis include:
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Causes: Atelectasis can be caused by a blocked airway (obstructive) or pressure from outside the lung (nonobstructive). General anesthesia, prolonged bed rest with few changes in position, shallow breathing, and underlying lung disease are common causes.
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Symptoms: Atelectasis can make breathing difficult, particularly for individuals with pre-existing lung disease. It can lead to low blood oxygen (hypoxemia), increasing the risk of pneumonia and respiratory failure.
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Types: There are different types of atelectasis, including obstructive (resorptive) and nonobstructive types such as relaxation or compressive atelectasis.
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Treatment: Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include postural drainage to drain mucus, treating tumors or underlying conditions, and ensuring proper lung reinflation once the obstruction has been removed.
Atelectasis is a common breathing complication after surgery and can also be a possible complication of other respiratory problems, including cystic fibrosis, lung tumors, chest injuries, fluid in the lung, and respiratory weakness. It is important to seek medical attention if atelectasis is suspected, especially if it leads to symptoms such as difficulty breathing or low blood oxygen levels.
