The binary number system is a method of mathematical expression that uses only two symbols, typically "0" and "1". It is a positional notation with a radix of 2, meaning that each digit is referred to as a bit or binary digit. In the binary system, each bit represents an increasing power of 2, with the rightmost bit representing 2^0, the next representing 2^1, then 2^2, and so on. The value of a binary number is the sum of the powers of 2 represented by each "1" bit. For example, the binary number 100101 is converted to decimal form as 1x2^5 + 0x2^4 + 0x2^3 + 1x2^2 + 0x2^1 + 1x2^0 = 37.
The binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates. Each digit in a binary number is either a 0 or a 1, which makes it easy to represent information using electrical signals that are either on or off inside the CPU or RAM. The binary system is the base of all computing systems and operations, enabling devices to store, access, and manipulate all types of information directed to and from the CPU or memory.
