Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States, sometimes referred to as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease
. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque, which is mainly composed of cholesterol and other substances
. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, or even a heart attack
. CAD can be caused by various factors, including:
- High cholesterol levels
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Family history of heart disease
Symptoms of CAD may not be noticeable for years, and some people may not discover they have it until they experience a heart attack
. Common symptoms of a heart attack include:
- Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
- Weakness, light-headedness, nausea, or a cold sweat
- Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder
- Shortness of breath
CAD can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and other complications if left untreated
. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgical procedures to remove plaque from the arteries
. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential for managing CAD and preventing complications.
