A caste-based census is a census that collects data on the caste identities of individuals in a given population. In India, caste-based data collection has a long history, with information on castes being included up to 1931. However, post-1951, the decision to stop collecting caste data was made to move away from a divisive approach and promote national unity. The last time a caste census was carried out was in 1931 when India was still under British colonial rule.
A caste census can provide a comprehensive picture of the diversity of Indian society, shedding light on the social fabric and interplay between different caste groups. This data can contribute to a better understanding of social dynamics and help monitor the effectiveness of affirmative action policies.
The recent announcement of the findings of the first-ever caste census since Indias independence in 1947 has put caste back at the forefront of Indian politics, unleashing a debate that is proving tricky for Narendra Modis ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) . The BJP has been trying to paper over the fissures within Hindu society, and the demand for a caste census can create a new caste consciousness among the various marginalized castes and can threaten the BJPs Hindutva project.
While there are arguments for and against a caste census, accurate data on the population of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and other groups is necessary for promoting social justice and ensuring equitable distribution of resources.
