A communication model is a simplified, visual representation of the communication process that helps explain how information is transmitted from one party to another. It highlights the main components and steps involved in communication, such as the sender, message, channel, receiver, and sometimes feedback and noise (disruptions). These models aim to clarify the complex process of communication by focusing on its essential elements and their interactions
. Communication models serve several purposes:
- They help identify the key stages and roles in communication.
- They reveal potential barriers or noise that can distort messages.
- They guide improvements in communication effectiveness.
- They assist in understanding how social, cultural, and contextual factors influence communication
There are various types of communication models, including: 1. Linear Models: One-way communication where the sender transmits a message to a receiver without expecting feedback. Examples include Aristotle's model, Lasswell's model, and the Shannon-Weaver model. These focus on the transmission of messages and potential noise interference
. 2. Interactive Models: These include feedback from the receiver to the sender, making communication a two-way process. They emphasize the role of feedback and context. 3. Transactional Models: These view communication as a dynamic, ongoing process where all parties simultaneously send and receive messages, adapting continuously. The Westley and MacLean model is an example, highlighting communication as circular and evolving with constant feedback and adaptation
. One well-known model, Berlo's SMCR model, breaks communication down into Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver, emphasizing how each component's characteristics affect communication success
. In summary, communication models are frameworks that help us understand, analyze, and improve how we share information and interact with others across various contexts
