what is composite material

A composite material is a material that is produced from two or more constituent materials with notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties, which are merged to create a material with properties unlike the individual elements. Within the finished structure, the individual elements remain separate and distinct, distinguishing composites from mixtures and solid solutions. The two main categories of constituent materials are the matrix (binder) and the reinforcement. A portion of each kind is needed at least. The reinforcement receives support from the matrix as the matrix surrounds the reinforcement and maintains its relative positions. The matrix materials are polymers, ceramics, or metals, while the reinforcement materials are generally fiber components such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Composite materials are used to enhance the properties of their base materials and offer significant benefits in various material performance aspects, exceeding the mono-material alternatives and particularly standalone use of the constituent parts. They are used in various applications such as boat hulls, surfboards, sporting goods, swimming pool linings, building panels, and car bodies.