Confirmation is a Christian sacrament and rite that serves to affirm and strengthen the faith that was initially given at baptism. It is often understood as the completion or sealing of baptismal grace, where the individual personally confirms the promises made on their behalf during infant baptism or makes a profession of faith if baptized as an adult
. In practice, confirmation typically involves a special church service where the candidate renews their baptismal vows, followed by the laying on of hands by a bishop and anointing with holy oil called chrism. This ritual symbolizes the bestowal of the Holy Spirit, who strengthens the individual’s commitment to live a Christian life. The ceremony is often accompanied by prayers and the presence of family, sponsors, and the Christian community
. Theologically, confirmation is viewed as imparting the gifts of the Holy Spirit-such as wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord-which empower the confirmed person to live out their faith more fully. It is considered one of the three sacraments of Christian initiation in many denominations, including Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, and some Protestant churches
. Confirmation is also seen as a rite of passage or coming of age in the faith, marking a person's readiness to take responsibility for their own spiritual journey and to actively participate in the church community
. In the Catholic Church, it is one of the seven sacraments and is typically administered by a bishop, who invokes the Holy Spirit through the laying on of hands and anointing with chrism oil
. In summary, confirmation is:
- A Christian sacrament that confirms and strengthens baptismal grace.
- A personal affirmation of faith and commitment to follow Jesus Christ.
- A rite involving the laying on of hands and anointing with holy oil by a bishop.
- A reception of the Holy Spirit’s gifts to empower the believer.
- Often regarded as a coming-of-age or spiritual maturity rite within the church.
This understanding applies primarily to Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, and many Protestant traditions, though practices and theological emphases may vary
