Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that affects nearly every organ system in the body by coordinating different functions through glucocorticoid receptors. It is the bodys main stress hormone and works with certain parts of the brain to control mood, motivation, and fear. Cortisol has many important functions, including:
- Regulating metabolism and the immune response.
- Helping the body respond to stress or danger.
- Increasing the body's metabolism of glucose.
- Altering or shutting down functions that get in the way when the body is on high alert, such as the digestive or reproductive systems, the immune system, or even growth processes.
Cortisol production by the adrenal glands is regulated by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain and is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because of its wide effects on the body. Cortisol levels normally increase at times of stress, but having the right cortisol balance is essential for health, and producing too much or too little cortisol can cause health problems.
