Current is the rate at which charged particles, such as electrons or ions, move through an electrical conductor or space. It is the flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms. The standard unit for measuring current is the ampere (A), which represents one coulomb of electrical charge (6.24 x 10^18 charge carriers) moving past a specific point in one second. Current can be represented as the rate at which charge flows through a given surface.
In an electrical circuit, current is the rate at which electrons flow past a point. It expresses the quantity of electrons flowing past a point in a circuit over a given time. The calculation is similar to measuring water flow: how many gallons pass a single point in a pipe in 1 minute (gallons per minute, or GPM) . Current is measured in amperes (A) .
Current density is the rate at which charge passes through a chosen unit area. It is expressed in amperes per square meter, amperes per square centimeter, or amperes per square millimeter. Current density can also be expressed in amperes per circular mil.
In summary, current is the flow of charged particles through a conductor or space, and it is measured in amperes. It can be represented as the rate at which charge flows through a given surface, and current density is the rate at which charge passes through a chosen unit area.
