Dandruff can be caused by various factors, including:
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Yeast-like fungus (Malassezia): This fungus feeds on the oils on the scalp and is present on the scalps of most adults. Some people may be more sensitive to the byproduct of this fungus, oleic acid, which can lead to an increased speed of skin cell renewal and the formation of flakes.
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Dry skin: Dry skin is a common cause of dandruff. During cold months, the skin, including the scalp, can become drier, which may worsen dandruff. Moisturizing the scalp and shampooing more often can help alleviate dandruff caused by dry skin.
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Not shampooing enough: Inadequate shampooing can lead to a buildup of oil and dead skin cells on the scalp, contributing to dandruff. Regular and thorough shampooing can help prevent this.
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Sensitivity to hair care products (contact dermatitis): Some people may develop a reaction to certain hair care products, leading to scalp irritation and dandruff. Identifying and avoiding these products can help manage dandruff.
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Other skin conditions: Dandruff can be a symptom of other skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema. Treating the underlying skin condition may help alleviate dandruff.
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Stress and illness: Dandruff may worsen during periods of stress or illness. The exact reason for this is unclear, but it may be related to the immune systems response to the fungus.
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Environmental factors: Cold, dry winters and excessive exposure to sunlight can trigger or worsen dandruff.
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Gender and age: Men are more likely to develop dandruff than women, and the condition usually begins in young adulthood and continues through middle age.
