A data structure is a way of organizing, managing, and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and used efficiently. It refers to the logical or mathematical representation of data, as well as the implementation in a computer program. Data structures are used to manage large amounts of data efficiently for uses such as large databases and internet indexing services. They are also key to designing efficient algorithms.
There are several basic and advanced types of data structures, all designed to arrange data to suit a specific purpose. Data structures make it easy for users to access and work with the data they need in appropriate ways. Most importantly, data structures frame the organization of information so that machines and humans can better understand it.
Data structures can be classified into two broad categories: linear data structures and non-linear data structures. Linear data structures are those in which data elements are arranged sequentially or linearly, where each element is attached to its previous and next adjacent elements. Examples of linear data structures include arrays, stacks, queues, and linked lists. Non-linear data structures are those in which data elements are not arranged sequentially or linearly. Examples of non-linear data structures include trees and graphs.
Some advantages of using data structures include efficiency, as they allow for efficient storage and retrieval of data, and improved performance of a program or software.
