Diction refers to the linguistic choices a writer or speaker makes to effectively convey an idea, a point of view, or tell a story. It is the writers or speakers distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression in a poem or story. Diction has multiple concerns, of which register, the adaptation of style and formality to the social context, is foremost. Literary diction analysis reveals how a passage establishes tone and characterization, e.g. a preponderance of verbs relating physical movement suggests an active character, while a preponderance of verbs relating states of mind portrays an introspective character.
Diction can also express additional meanings or particular styles. The words you choose in an email to your teacher or work colleague are different from the words you’d choose when speaking to a close friend—that’s diction. Different situations and audiences call for different styles. For example, work and school matters require formal language, while conversations with friends use informal language. Essentially, by incorporating certain types of diction, writers accomplish the following:
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Tone: Different types of writing can warrant different tones. Diction allows writers to develop a tone appropriate for the subject matter (i.e., fiction vs. nonfiction). A short story, novel, or poem would contain different diction and writing style than a scientific report or persuasive essay.
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Setting: In fictional works, a writers choice of diction can help identify the texts setting through the use of words native to the time and place in which the story is set.
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Characterization: Diction can reveal a characters personality traits, emotions, and motivations.
In summary, diction is the choice of words writers use to communicate their ideas, and it can help establish a distinct voice and style in literature.
