what is dna fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting, is a laboratory technique used to determine the probable identity of a person based on the nucleotide sequences of certain regions of human DNA that are unique to individuals. It was invented in 1984 by Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys after he realized that variations in human DNA, in the form of minisatellites, could be detected. DNA fingerprinting is used in a variety of situations, such as criminal investigations, other forensic purposes, and paternity testing. The procedure for creating a DNA fingerprint involves obtaining a sample of cells, such as skin, hair, or blood cells, which contain DNA. The DNA is extracted from the cells and purified. In Jeffreyss original approach, which was based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technology, the DNA was then cut at specific points along the strand with proteins known as restriction enzymes. The resulting fragments were separated by size using a technique called gel electrophoresis, and the pattern of fragments was visualized using a radioactive probe. Modern-day DNA profiling relies on microsatellites rather than the RFLP technology used in Jeffreyss original approach. DNA fingerprinting is extremely accurate, and it can be used to physically connect a piece of evidence to a person or rule out someone as a suspect. It can also show who your parents, siblings, and other relatives may be, and identify a dead body thats too old or damaged to be recognizable.