Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles. It is a branch of physics that deals with the flow of electrons and their uses. Electronics is a subfield of electrical engineering, but it differs from it in that it focuses on using active devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits to control and amplify the flow of electric current and to convert it from one form to another.
Electronics encompasses an exceptionally broad range of technology, including microelectronics, nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and quantum electronics, which deal with the fabrication and application of electronic devices at microscopic, nanoscopic, optical, and quantum scales. Electronic devices use electrical circuits to process data and carry out various tasks. The circuit is the heart of an electronic device, consisting of resistors, capacitors, transistors, and conductors.
Electronics have a profound impact on various aspects of modern society and culture, such as communication, entertainment, education, health care, industry, and security. Research in electronics has led to the development of key devices such as transistors, integrated circuits, lasers, and optical fibers, which have made it possible to manufacture a wide array of electronic consumer, industrial, and military products.
