Embedded C is an extension of the C programming language that is used to develop efficient programs for embedded systems. Embedded C programming typically requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support enhanced microprocessor features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. The C Standards Committee produced a Technical Report providing a common standard for all implementations to adhere to. Embedded C uses most of the syntax and semantics of standard C, such as the main() function, variable definition, datatype declaration, conditional statements (if, switch case), loops (while, for), functions, arrays and strings, structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc. . Some differences between C and Embedded C include:
- C is generally used for desktop computers, while Embedded C is for microcontroller-based applications.
- C can use the resources of a desktop PC like memory, OS, etc., while Embedded C has to use limited resources, such as RAM, ROM, I/Os on an embedded processor.
- Embedded C includes extra features over C, such as fixed-point types, multiple memory areas, and I/O register mapping.
In summary, Embedded C is a specialized version of the C programming language that is used to develop programs for embedded systems, and it includes additional features to support the unique requirements of these systems.
