Empirical research is a type of research that is based on observed and measured phenomena, deriving knowledge from actual experience rather than from theory or belief
. It involves collecting empirical evidence through direct or indirect observation or experience, which can then be analyzed either quantitatively or qualitatively to answer clearly defined questions
. Key characteristics of empirical research include:
- It uses data collected through observation, experiments, surveys, interviews, or other methods involving actual measurement or experience
- It often follows a systematic approach where hypotheses or research questions are tested through replicable methods
- Empirical studies are typically published in scholarly, peer-reviewed journals and often follow a standard structure known as IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion)
- Both quantitative (numerical data, statistical analysis) and qualitative (detailed descriptions, interpretations) methodologies can be empirical, and sometimes mixed-methods are used to provide comprehensive insights
In summary, empirical research is grounded in real-world data collection and analysis to generate knowledge, distinguishing it from research based purely on theory or speculation.
