Encryption in computer science is the process of converting data from a readable format, known as plaintext, into an encoded format, called ciphertext, using mathematical models known as algorithms. This process ensures that the data is protected from being stolen, changed, or compromised. Encryption works by scrambling the data into a secret code that can only be unlocked with a unique digital key. It is widely used to secure devices, protect financial transactions, ensure the privacy of messages, and safeguard data stored on computers and transmitted over networks.
There are two main types of data encryption: asymmetric encryption (or public-key cryptography) and symmetric encryption. Asymmetric encryption uses two separate cryptographic keys, a public key and a private key, to encrypt and decrypt the data. On the other hand, symmetric encryption uses only one secret symmetric key to perform both encryption and decryption.
Encryption is essential for ensuring data security and integrity. It provides confidentiality by encoding the messages content, authentication to verify the origin of a message, integrity to prove that the contents of a message have not been changed, and nonrepudiation to prevent senders from denying they sent the encrypted message.
In summary, encryption in computer science is a fundamental tool for protecting sensitive information and ensuring online safety. It is a critical component of data security, used by individuals and organizations to safeguard user information and meet regulatory compliance standards.
