Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates principles and methods from natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, physics, geology, meteorology, and ecology to study the environment and the interactions between humans and natural systems. It aims to understand the physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes of the Earth, as well as the effects of human activities on these processes and ecosystems
. The field addresses complex environmental problems by using a systems approach and quantitative analysis to study issues like climate change, pollution, natural resource management, and sustainability. It also draws on social sciences to examine the economic, political, and social dimensions of environmental issues, making it a broad and multidisciplinary area of study
. Environmental science emerged as a formal field in the 1960s and 1970s, driven by growing public awareness of environmental problems such as pollution and nuclear risks, and the need for scientific data to inform policy and mitigation strategies. It has since played a key role in analyzing environmental disasters, developing alternative energy solutions, and promoting conservation and sustainable development
. In summary, environmental science studies the natural world and human impacts on it, seeking to provide knowledge and solutions for environmental protection and sustainable interaction between society and nature
