what is epstein barr virus

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a member of the herpes virus family and is one of the most common human viruses. It is found all over the world and is primarily spread through bodily fluids, especially saliva. Most people get infected with EBV at some point in their lives, and it can cause infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono, and other illnesses. Symptoms of EBV infection can include fatigue, fever, inflamed throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, enlarged spleen, swollen liver, and rash. After the initial infection, the virus becomes latent (inactive) in the body, and in some cases, it may reactivate, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. EBV can be spread through activities such as kissing, sharing drinks and food, using the same cups, eating utensils, or toothbrushes, and having contact with objects that an infected person has used. It can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations. While most cases of EBV do not cause symptoms, some cases, especially in adolescents and young adults, can lead to infectious mononucleosis. Additionally, EBV can lead to certain types of cancer, although this is rare.