Essential Hypertension: Understanding the Basics
Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension or idiopathic hypertension, is a common form of high blood pressure that does not have an identifiable secondary cause. It affects approximately 85% of individuals with high blood pressure, with the remaining 15% being accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. This type of hypertension tends to be familial and is likely the result of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of essential hypertension increases with age, and individuals with relatively high blood pressure at younger ages are at an increased risk for the subsequent development of hypertension.
The pathophysiology of essential hypertension is an area of ongoing research and remains not well understood, but it is known that cardiac output is raised early in the disease course, with total peripheral resistance increasing as the disease progresses. Several risk factors have been identified, including genetic variation and a personal family history of hypertension. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, an unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity also contribute to the development of essential hypertension.
It is important to note that essential hypertension can lead to serious complications, including damage to blood vessels, which can result in life-threatening events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and renal failure. Therefore, successful management of essential hypertension through medications and lifestyle changes is crucial in reducing the risk of these complications.
In summary, essential hypertension is a prevalent form of high blood pressure that lacks an identifiable secondary cause. It is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and its management through lifestyle modifications and medical intervention is essential in preventing severe complications.
