Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, or simply alcohol, is an organic compound that belongs to the class of alcohols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic pleasant odor and burning taste. Ethanol is an important industrial chemical and is used as a solvent, in the synthesis of other organic chemicals, and as an additive to automotive gasoline, forming a mixture known as gasohol. Ethanol is also the intoxicating ingredient of many alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits.
Here are some key facts about ethanol:
- Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from various plant materials collectively known as "biomass".
- More than 98% of U.S. gasoline contains ethanol to oxygenate the fuel.
- Typically, gasoline contains E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline), which reduces air pollution.
- Ethanol is also available as E85 (or flex fuel), which can be used in flexible fuel vehicles, designed to operate on any blend of gasoline and ethanol up to 83% .
- Ethanol is toxic and affects the central nervous system. Moderate amounts relax the muscles and produce an apparent stimulating effect by depressing the inhibitory activities of the brain, but larger amounts impair coordination and judgment, finally producing coma and death.
- Ethanol is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source.
- Ethanol can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.
- Ethanol is also used in personal care products as an astringent and preservative, and as a solvent in some household products including paint.
In summary, ethanol is a versatile organic compound that is used in a variety of applications, including as a fuel source, solvent, and additive to gasoline. It is also the intoxicating ingredient in many alcoholic beverages.
