Fish culture, also known as fish farming or pisciculture, is the process of raising desirable species of fish in captivity under controlled conditions to improve their growth and reproduction. It involves managing the aquatic environment—such as water quality, feeding, and protection from predators and diseases—to cultivate fish for food, commercial purposes, or to replenish wild populations
. Fish culture can take place in various systems, including artificial ponds, tanks, cages, or enclosures in natural water bodies like lakes, rivers, or coastal areas. It is a form of aquaculture, which broadly refers to the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants
. The practice has ancient origins, dating back over 2,000 years, and has evolved to include diverse methods such as pond culture, cage culture, and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Fish culture not only aims to increase food supply and income but also supports sustainable resource use and environmental management
. Commonly farmed species include carp, catfish, salmon, and tilapia. Fish culture helps meet the growing global demand for fish protein while reducing pressure on wild fish stocks by providing an alternative source of fish
