What is Formalin?
Formalin is a clear, colorless liquid solution made by dissolving formaldehyde gas in water, typically containing about 37–40% formaldehyde by weight, along with 10–15% methanol to prevent the formaldehyde from polymerizing
Key Properties
- Composition: Formaldehyde (37–40%), water, and methanol (10–15%)
- Appearance: Colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor
- Stability: Methanol is added to stabilize the solution and prevent the formation of solid polymers
Main Uses
- Disinfectant and Germicide: Widely used in laboratories, hospitals, and industries for its strong antimicrobial properties
- Preservative: Essential for preserving biological specimens and tissues, preventing decay for scientific and medical study
- Industrial Applications: Used in the production of resins (urea-formaldehyde, melamine, phenol-formaldehyde), plastics, and other complex organic compounds
- Food Adulteration: Sometimes illegally added to foods to extend shelf life, though this practice is hazardous and strictly regulated
Summary Table
Property| Description
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Main Component| Formaldehyde in water (with methanol)
Typical Strength| 37–40% formaldehyde by weight
Uses| Disinfectant, preservative, industrial resin
Odor| Strong, pungent, irritating
Safety Note
Formalin is toxic and can be hazardous if inhaled, ingested, or if it comes into contact with skin. Its use, especially in food, is strictly controlled due to health risks
