Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals and communities to express their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. This right is recognized in international and regional human rights law, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The right to freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used.
However, freedom of expression also comes with responsibilities. Individuals have a duty to behave responsibly and to respect other peoples rights. Public authorities may restrict this right if they can show that their action is lawful, necessary, and proportionate to protect national security, territorial integrity, public safety, prevent disorder or crime, protect health or morals, protect the rights and reputations of other people, prevent the disclosure of information received in confidence, or maintain the authority and impartiality of judges.
Defending freedom of expression is important in holding the powerful accountable and underpins other human rights such as the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. The right to express ones thoughts and to communicate freely with others affirms the dignity and worth of each and every member of society and allows each individual to realize their full human potential.
