Functionalism, also known as structural functionalism, is a major theoretical perspective in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach takes a macro-level orientation, focusing on the social structures that shape society as a whole and emphasizing the interdependence of its constituent elements. Functionalism emphasizes that social stability and order come from shared behaviors, norms, and values, and it posits that all cultural or social phenomena have a positive function and are indispensable for the society. The theory also distinguishes between manifest functions (intended and recognized consequences) and latent functions (unintended and unrecognized consequences) of social phenomena. Functionalism is considered a macrosociological perspective and is one of the typical perspectives studied in sociology, alongside conflict theory and symbolic interactionism.
In summary, functionalism in sociology is a framework that views society as a complex system with interconnected structures and functions, emphasizing the interdependence of its constituent elements and the promotion of solidarity and stability within the society.
