what is gallbladder sludge

Gallbladder sludge is a mixture of particulate solids that have precipitated from bile. It is a collection of cholesterol, calcium, bilirubin, and other compounds that build up in the gallbladder when bile stays in the gallbladder for too long. The mucus from the gallbladder can mix with cholesterol and calcium salts, combining to create the sludge. Gallbladder sludge is not a disease but may indicate an underlying condition. It is usually detected on transabdominal ultrasonography, and microscopy of aspirated bile and endoscopic ultrasonography are far more sensitive. Gallbladder sludge is associated with pregnancy, rapid weight loss, particularly in the obese, critical illness involving low or absent oral intake and the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and following gastric surgery. It is also associated with biliary stones with common bile duct obstruction. Gallbladder sludge can have a few common causes, and even though it is relatively uncommon, some individuals may have a higher chance of developing it. Gallbladder sludge is not an illness, but it may provide clues to a more serious illness or give rise to gallstones. Working with a skilled medical provider can rule out potential causes, identify the appropriate treatment, and help people lead long, healthy lives.