what is genetic testing

Genetic testing is a type of medical test that examines a persons DNA, chromosomes, or proteins to identify changes that may indicate a genetic condition or the risk of developing one. It can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition, determine the likelihood of developing or passing on a genetic disorder, and provide information about a persons risk for certain illnesses, such as cancer. There are various types of genetic tests, including gene tests, chromosomal genetic tests, and biochemical genetic tests, each focusing on different aspects of genetic material. Genetic testing is voluntary and can be used for various purposes, such as confirming a diagnosis, identifying the risk of developing a genetic condition, or monitoring the prognosis of a disease. It can be performed using blood, saliva, or other tissue samples, and the results are usually available within a few weeks. Genetic testing is a complex decision, and individuals may seek guidance from geneticists or genetic counselors to understand the benefits, limitations, and risks associated with the test.