Global jihad is a term used to describe the international spread of jihadist ideology and the activities of various jihadist groups across the globe. It emerged as a significant phenomenon following the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which led to a new form of jihadism that focused on the international arena as the primary locus of ideology and action
. Leading jihadist groups such as al-Qaeda and the Islamic State have been dominant in this movement, often cooperating through various means such as knowledge sharing, resource sharing, and operational collaboration
. The core doctrine and strategy of the global jihadist movement include concepts such as Jihad, al-Wala wal-Bara, Takfir, and Tawhid
. "Global Jihad: A Brief History" by Glenn E. Robinson provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of global jihad and its various waves since the 1980s
