what is glucagon

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels. It works in opposition to insulin, another hormone, to keep blood sugar levels within a set range. Glucagon prevents blood sugar from dropping too low by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. It can also encourage the use of stored fat for energy in order to preserve the limited supply of glucose. Glucagon is released in response to low blood glucose, prolonged fasting, exercise, and protein-rich meals. Synthetic forms of glucagon are available as an injection or nasal powder and are used primarily by people with Type 1 diabetes in emergency situations when they have very low blood sugar. Glucagon level tests are not typically ordered for people with diabetes, but they may be ordered to help diagnose some rare endocrine conditions.