Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and intense pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in the joints, often beginning in the big toe. It occurs due to the deposition of needle-shaped crystals of uric acid in the joints and surrounding tissues, which triggers inflammation and arthritis symptoms. Gout develops when there are persistently high levels of uric acid (urate) in the blood, a condition called hyperuricemia. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, substances found naturally in the body and in certain foods. If uric acid builds up either because the body produces too much or the kidneys cannot excrete enough, uric acid crystals form and deposit in joints, causing gout attacks. Several factors increase the risk of gout, such as a diet high in purine-rich foods (e.g., red meat, shellfish, liver, anchovies), alcohol consumption (especially beer), sugary beverages, obesity, older age, male gender, certain medications, and medical conditions like kidney disease and high blood pressure. Genetics and lifestyle choices also play roles in the likelihood of developing gout. In summary:
- Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid crystal buildup.
- Uric acid accumulation results from overproduction or poor excretion.
- Risk factors include diet, alcohol, genetics, and health conditions.
This information provides a comprehensive overview of what gout is and how it is caused.
