Gout is a type of arthritis that causes pain and swelling in the joints, usually as flares that last for a week or two. It is caused by a buildup of uric acid in the body, which can form needle-shaped crystals in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, redness, and changes in the movement and use of the affected joint. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are found naturally in the body and certain foods, including red meat, organ meats, and seafood. When there is too much uric acid in the body, uric acid crystals can build up in joints, fluids, and tissues within the body.
Factors that increase the uric acid level in the body and the risk of developing gout include:
- Diet: Eating a diet rich in red meat, shellfish, and beverages sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose) increases levels of uric acid.
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of gout.
- Health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), chronic kidney disease, diabetes, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), myocardial infarction (heart attack), congestive heart failure, metabolic syndrome, and psoriasis, can increase the risk of developing gout.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as diuretics (water tablets) used to treat high blood pressure or an abnormal build-up of fluid in the body, can increase uric acid levels and the risk of developing gout.
To prevent future gout flares, making changes to the diet and lifestyle, such as losing weight, limiting alcohol, and avoiding foods high in purines, may help. Changing or stopping medications associated with hyperuricemia (like diuretics) may also help.
