what is graphene oxide do to the human body

Graphene oxide can have adverse effects on the human body. Studies have shown that it can cause abnormal activation of immune cells and thrombogenicity, which is the tendency to cause blood clots. Graphene oxide can also induce cell toxicity through plasma membrane damage, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA damage. When graphene oxide is injected into the bloodstream, it can interact with blood proteins and biological membranes, leading to severe effects like thrombogenicity and immune cell activation. Graphene oxide can also cause structural abnormalities, growth retardation, behavioral and functional abnormalities, and even liver and kidney injury. Although graphene oxide can be removed from the body via excretion, it can accumulate in the body and cause harm to organs. It is recommended to handle graphene oxide in protected, comprehensive environments where the right precautions are taken to avoid health issues.