An HBCU (Historically Black College or University) is a higher education institution in the United States established before 1964 with the primary mission of educating Black Americans. These colleges and universities were founded largely in response to racial segregation that barred Black students from attending predominantly white institutions. Today, there are around 100 accredited HBCUs, mostly located in southern states, and they continue to play a vital role in providing education, community, and professional opportunities for Black students and others while maintaining a legacy of social and educational impact.
Historical Significance
HBCUs arose after the Civil War when Black Americans were legally prohibited from enrolling in many white colleges. They became essential for Black higher education, creating pathways to professional careers and leadership roles. Popular and influential HBCUs include Howard University, Morehouse College, and Spelman College, with notable alumni such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Kamala Harris.
Definition and Recognition
The term HBCU was officially defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965 and expanded federal funding for these institutions. To be an HBCU, a college or university must be accredited or making progress toward accreditation and must have been established before 1964 with a principal mission of educating Black students.
Current Role and Impact
Though historically focused on Black students, about a quarter of current HBCU students are non-Black. These institutions produce a significant portion of Black professionals in various fields and play a continuing role in promoting educational equity, community support, and generational wealth building.
In summary, an HBCU is a historically and culturally significant institution dedicated to higher education rooted in Black American history and continues to empower diverse student populations today.
