Heartburn is a burning sensation or discomfort felt in the chest, typically behind the breastbone. It occurs when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus—the tube connecting the throat and stomach—causing irritation. This reflux of acid is due to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle not closing properly. Symptoms of heartburn include:
- A burning pain or discomfort in the upper belly or chest that may rise up to the throat
- Pain that worsens after eating, when lying down, or bending over
- A hot, acidic, bitter, or salty taste in the back of the throat
- Difficulty swallowing or feeling like food is stuck in the chest or throat
Heartburn is often caused by acid reflux and can be triggered by certain foods, large meals, or activities that increase abdominal pressure. Though common and usually not serious, frequent heartburn may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can lead to complications like esophageal inflammation or ulcers if untreated. The burning sensation of heartburn should not be confused with pain from a heart attack, which is typically described as pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest rather than burning. Treatment usually involves lifestyle changes, avoiding trigger foods, antacids, and in some cases, medications to reduce stomach acid. In summary, heartburn is a symptom of acid reflux characterized by a burning chest discomfort caused by stomach acid irritating the esophagus. It is common and manageable with appropriate measures.