what is heuristic

A heuristic is a mental shortcut or practical method used to simplify problem-solving and avoid cognitive overload. It is a strategy derived from previous experiences with similar problems, and it depends on using readily accessible information to control problem-solving in humans, machines, and abstract issues. Heuristics are often based on experience, intuition, or common sense and are used to guide the search for a solution in a way that is efficient and effective. They are not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but they are sufficient for reaching an immediate solution. Heuristics are particularly useful when dealing with problems that have incomplete, uncertain, or imprecise information or when the search space is too ample for a complete, exhaustive search. In computer science, a heuristic refers to a method of solving a problem that proves to be quicker or more efficient than traditional methods. Heuristics are practical rules of thumb that manifest as mental shortcuts in judgment and decision-making. Without heuristics, our brains would not be able to function given the complexity of the world, the amount of data to process, and the calculative abilities required to form an optimal decision.