what is insulate

Insulation is the process of reducing heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in the range of radiative influence. It can be achieved through specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes. The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity, where low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability. Insulation can also be used to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering an object or space. It is commonly used in buildings to protect them from cold, heat, or noise by placing a layer of other material around or inside them. Insulation in homes provides resistance to heat flow, lowers heating and cooling costs, and improves comfort. The resistance to conductive heat flow is measured in terms of thermal resistance or R-value, where a higher R-value indicates greater insulating effectiveness. Insulation materials range from bulky fiber materials such as fiberglass, rockwool, and cellulose to rigid foam boards and sleek foils, each with its own specific insulating properties.