Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is a colorless liquid with disinfectant properties. It is commonly used as a cleaning solvent for a variety of substrates and to remove a variety of soils. IPA can be prepared via the hydrogenation of acetone, and its cost is primarily driven by raw material (acetone or propylene) cost. IPA has a range of applications across many industries, including as a solvent, disinfectant, and in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives. Key features of IPA include:
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Flammability: IPA is flammable and can form unstable peroxides which increase the likelihood of explosion, especially when heated with aluminum.
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Volatility: IPA volatility increases with storage time and alcohol concentration, especially when exposed to light over multiple years after opening.
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Concentration: 70% IPA/30% water solutions produce less vapor and odor, therefore reducing risks of toxic fumes or combustion. 70% IPA is less flammable but also offers a more economical price point for general wipe down and large-surface disinfection.
IPA has emergency and continuous exposure limits for selected airborne contaminants, and a concentration of IPA in air of 97.5 mg/L caused respiratory minute-volume depression, bronchoconstriction, hypotension, and bradycardia in rats.
