Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) or canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection affecting dogs. It is caused by a combination of bacteria and viruses, with the most common bacterial agent being Bordetella bronchiseptica and common viral agents including canine parainfluenza virus and canine adenovirus type 2
Causes and Transmission
Kennel cough results from infection by multiple pathogens that inflame the dog's trachea (windpipe) and bronchi (air passages to the lungs). It spreads easily among dogs through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, and by contact with contaminated surfaces such as food bowls, toys, or kennels. Dogs in close quarters-such as kennels, doggy daycares, grooming facilities, or dog parks-are at higher risk
Symptoms
The hallmark symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, dry, hacking or honking cough, often described as spasmodic and sometimes followed by retching or gagging. Additional signs can include sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), and in some cases, vomiting. Despite the cough, affected dogs usually remain alert and continue eating well. Fever may or may not be present
Severity and Prognosis
Most cases are mild and resolve without serious complications within 1 to 3 weeks. However, puppies, elderly dogs, or those with weakened immune systems can develop more severe illness, including pneumonia or other secondary infections
Prevention and Treatment
Vaccination against common pathogens like Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus can reduce the risk but is not 100% effective due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. Preventive measures include minimizing exposure to infected dogs and contaminated environments, not sharing toys or bowls, and ensuring good ventilation in kennels. Treatment typically involves cough suppressants and sometimes antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
. In summary, kennel cough is a contagious respiratory infection in dogs characterized mainly by a dry, hacking cough, caused by multiple infectious agents, and commonly spread in places where dogs congregate closely
