Keratinization is the process by which squamous cells produce and fill up with a tough, protective protein called keratin. During this process, the cells become tougher and thicker, eventually losing their ability to function as living cells and forming a protective outer layer. It normally occurs in tissues containing squamous cells such as the skin (particularly the outermost layer called the epidermis), hair, and nails. This process helps protect the body from physical injuries, infections, and water loss by forming a strong barrier. Keratinization also occurs in structures like horns and hooves in vertebrates. In summary:
- Keratinization is the formation of a tough outer layer of keratin-filled cells.
- It happens mainly in the epidermis of the skin, hair, nails, and similar structures.
- It plays a protective role by making these tissues resistant to damage and dehydration.
